Not unless the number of people infected at once was a very large number. A small number of people at once, even if it lasted decades wouldn't get the desired effect.
Like I said, you would have to kill entire cities in a very short time, a task that would take years just for that one city. And then you'd have to "spread" the disease to an even larger amount of people in an even faster time limit. It's not feasible. You'd do better trying something else.
And if you really want to cause anarchy, just let the world progress the way it is. It will get bad in our lifetimes. At least America, Europe, and the Middle East.
“Power in the hands of the reformer is no less potentially corrupting than in the hands of the oppressor.”